A volume containing miscellaneous notes, observations, extracts from printed sources, etc., in the hand of Edward Williams ('Iolo Morganwg'), the contents, with the exception of a few literary and other items, relating almost entirely to agriculture, horticulture, botany, rural economy, and associated topics. The contents of pp. 1-252, pagination in brackets, include, inter alia, notes on the following topics, viz. sowing of haws to produce shrubs (22-5), methods of constructing hedges in Glamorgan and the various trees and shrubs which could be used for this purpose (25-31), potato planting (31), fruits in Glamorgan orchards (32-3), mazard cherry trees, chestnut trees, and wild apples (34), ancient lime quarries and marl pits on Pentrebain farm [co. Glamorgan] and the use of lime and marl as manure (35-41), and inclosing, ? in co. Glamorgan, by means of hedges and the consequent 'stair' or 'terrace' pattern to be found on 'rising grounds or uplands of easy ascent' (41-3); examples of varying courses or rotations of crops in relation to varying types of lands with notes on manuring, dressing of soil, etc., the courses being grouped as 'Old Vale Courses' and 'Gower Courses' and all presumably being related to conditions in co. Glamorgan (45-81); a note on references to types of yokes used in Wales (82); miscellaneous notes (83-8); a note on the planting of 'slips and cuttings of apple trees' in Devon and ? the Vale of Glamorgan (88-9); comments on the use of small coal-or coal slack by a Mr. Crawshay as a fertiliser (90-93); a brief comment on dissenting meeting houses in co. Glamorgan and a list of '[Glamorgan] Churches in the Mountains' (93-4); agricultural miscellanea (95-100); notes on mazard cherry trees and on the medicinal uses of salt (100-01); a list of three 'Norfolk course[s] adopted by some in Glam[organ]' (102); agricultural miscellanea (117-22); notes on 'Fish in Daw River', 'Sea fish at Aberthaw', and 'Lakes [in Glamorgan] affording fish' (122-5); a section headed 'Abstract view of Glamorgan' containing brief general observations on the soil, crops, geology, fish (in rivers and the Severn sea), landscape, seashore, appearance of villages and cottages, roads, bridges, the need for monthly markets, etc., in the county (126-31); a note on the construction of board fences for the cultivation of fruit (132); notes on references in written sources (all pre-1600) to the following in connection with Glamorgan-the existence or non-existence of inclosures, the existence of orchards and apple trees, the activities of Sir Gilbert de Clare, lord of Glamorgan, late 13th cent., in building two thousand cottages for the poor, his further activities in building village houses the upper appartments of which consisted of halls previously used for holding courts, markets, dances, etc., and then, ? in the late 18th cent., for keeping school, holding dances, meetings of benefit societies, Methodist meetings, etc., and William Herbert (Earl of Pembroke)'s action, temp. Henry VIII, in sending to France and Flanders for fruit and vegetables to restock gardens and orchards-the writers referred to including Dafydd ap Gwilym, [John] Leland, Rhys Meyrig, Ieuan ap Hywel Swrdwal, and Rhys Brydydd, and the unnamed author of 'a Ms. History in Welsh of the Lords Marchers of Glam[organ]' allegedly written in the time of Queen Mary (133-8); a list of twelve points of advantage afforded by mountainous as opposed to flat country (140-42); notes re the pruning of trees (143); notes re the saddling of cows as well as oxen to carry manure and the yoking of cows, oxen, and horses for the plough with three illustrations relating to horse yokes (144-6); comments on the possible use of coal or coal slack for manuring, experimentation in manuring, the nature of peat or bog, composts of coal or peat with lime or lime and ashes, etc. (148-55); notes relating to [rural] poverty, parish relief, and the system of parish work-houses, new proposals for a system of communal parish houses of industry 'adapted to the vale of Glamorgan or any other place where the inhabitants live in villages rather than in detached farmhouses', suggestions re free education for the children of cottagers who did not seek parish assistance in schools set up for three or four parishes and having a schoolmaster paid thirty pounds a year, proposals for holding harvest dinners, vestry meetings, and parochial markets in the hall of the parochial house of industry, and suggestions as to general principles to be observed in awarding parochial assistance which should be 'a reward in some degree at least for something meritorious' (160-75); (continued)

Brief agricultural, botanical, etc., notes headed 'Excursion to Merthyr Tidvil, May 6th 1813' (205); brief agricultural and other observations relating to certain mountains in co. Glamorgan, with a brief reference to the cessation of the iron trade in Merthyr, Aberdare, and Tredegar (206); notes relating to the nature of ? mountain soils in Glamorgan and to the manuring and dressing of soils (209-12); notes relating to crop husbandry headed 'Norfolk soils and husbandry' (213-18); and agricultural and botanical data and comments including extracts from, or notes based upon sections of, [Arthur] Young [: The Farmer's] Calendar, [Benjamin] Stillingfleet [:The] Calendar of Flora, etc. (225-45). P. 253 is inscribed 'Contents of the Agricultural Survey of the County of Glamorgan by Edward Williams 1796' and is followed on pp. 255-76 by a list of some fifty-six subject or chapter headings such as 'Geography of the County in General', 'Coal and Iron Tract', 'Metals', 'Sea Coast and Harbours . . .', 'Agricultural Produce', 'Farm Buildings', 'Implements', 'Population . . .', 'Manufactures and Trades', etc., these presumably being the main divisions of the survey referred to on p. 253. Some of these headings are accompanied by a list of the titles of sub-sections of the main heading, these in some instances amounting to over twenty in number. P. 254 contains a list of the titles of nine appendices which, presumably, were to be added to the survey. The contents of pp. 277-307 again relate mainly to agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and botany, and include extracts from, or notes based on sections of, The Transactions of the London Society for the encouragement of Arts . . ., 1798, Memoirs of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, vol. V, [William] Marshall: [The] Rural Economy of the West of England, [John] Boys: [General] View of the Agriculture of the County of Kent, and [William Beeston] Coyte: Hortus Botanicus Gippovicensis. Pp. 308-24 contain material of a literary nature including transcripts of the eighteen-stanza poem entitled 'The Exile' from [Matthew Gregory] Lewis's novel The Monk, and of sonnets, etc., from Charles Lloyd: Poems on the death of Priscilla Farmer, [Mary] Robinson: Sappho and Phaon, and Brooke Boothby: Sorrows. Sacred to the Memory of Penelope, notices of books published circa 1795-1797, and brief extracts from, or brief notes on reviews of, some of these works. From p. 325 to p. 412 the contents again relate mainly to agriculture, horticulture, rural economy, and associated topics, and consist largely of extracts from, or notes based on sections of, [William] Marshall: The Rural Economy of the Midland Counties (325-?45), [John] Billingsley [: General View of the Agriculture of the County of] Somerset (353-68), [John] Clark [: General View of the Agriculture of the County of Brecknock] (369-71), and [Arthur] Young: Tour in Wales from the Annals of Agriculture, vol. 8 (385-400, with interpolations by E[dward] W[illiams]). P. 413 is headed 'Mehefin 23. Treigl o Aberhonddi hyd Drecastell' and pp.413-28 contain notes and observations in Welsh on agriculture, forestry, etc., appertaining to the area [of co. Brecknock] specified in the heading to p. 413 and also of more general relevance. Pp. 429-64 contain a brief note on the marketing of Glamorgan cattle (429); an extract from [Arthur] Young: Annals of Agriculture, vol. 32 relating to an experiment in ploughing with three different breeds of oxen, a note by E[dward] Williams on the same three breeds of oxen, and a note relating to long-legged cattle and attempts to change characteristics by cross-breeding (429-32); notes headed 'Dairy and tillage farm in Gower' (433-5); a course of crops for light soils (435); a note on Eglwysilan [co. Glamorgan] downs sheep and a wool 'manufactory' established at Caerphilly (436); a brief note re Dorsetshire sheep (436); historical notes based upon the recollections of John Spencer of Sarce [co . ], born circa 1710, relating to the introduction of clover, trefoil, rye-grass, and turnips [into Glamorgan] and to certain liming practices in the said county (437-8); a historical note, again originating from a John Spencer, relating to Aberthaw harbour [co. Glamorgan] (439); geological notes relating to petrification in white limestone, rag or grey lias, coal mines, ironstone veins, flag lias, etc., ? in co. Glamorgan (445-7); further historical notes based partly if not entirely upon the recollections of Mr. Spencer of Sarce aforesaid, ob. 1802 aged 88, relating to the introduction of clover, trefoil, rye-grass, and turnips, and of a new system of liming into Glamorgan, and to cropping and liming practices in that county (451-4 + 456); an extract from [Nathaniel] Kent: [General] View of the Agriculture of [the County of] Norfolk concerning cropping courses (455); and a further historical note, again based on information from John Spencer, relating to the aforementioned port of Aberthaw and its trade (457-8).

Miscellaneous papers and home-made booklets containing material in the hand of Edward Williams ('Iolo Morganwg') bound together in one volume. The contents include pp. 1-10, an incomplete, alphabetical list (A - G only) of the names of Welsh bards with dates (floruit) and occasional notes, allegedly transcribed in the house of [David Thomas] 'Dafydd Ddu o Eryri' at Traeth Coch, Anglesey, in 1799 from a volume previously in the possession of the Reverend Dafydd Elis of Amlwch, Anglesey; 23, notes relating to bardism; 24-5, anecdotes relating to Ieuan Deulwyn and Antoni Pywel of Llwydarth incorporating 'englynion' by both; 27-9, notes relating to the bardic 'cadair Tir Iarll'; 39-42, notes headed 'Llyma Ddosparth ar Deilyngdawd y Beirdd herwydd pob un ei radd a'i swydd'; 45-7, notes on measures taken by Ceraint Fardd Glas, Rhys ap Tewdwr, and Gruffudd ap Cynan in connection with the Welsh strict poetic metres; 55-87, references to, and extracts from, the works of various Welsh poets mainly the 'cywyddwyr', with notes on some of the poets and/or poems and their contents; 88-98, notes on Dafydd Ddu o Hiraddug referring to his connection with the 'cywydd' measure, the bardic grammar associated with his name and that of Edeyrn Dafawd Aur, and the translation into Welsh of the Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and mentioning the possibility of identifying Dafydd Ddu Hiraddug with Dafydd Ddu Fynach 'o Fonachlog Nedd' and Dafydd Ddu Athraw of the parish of Pen Tyrch [co. Glamorgan]; 104, a philological note on the word 'Cymmry'; 105- 15, notes incorporating comments on the word 'Cymry' (Kimmeri) as a national appellative and the early development of the language of the Cymry, an attack on tendencies to introduce new rules of orthography into the Welsh language, a comment on the need for 'a good Dictionary . . . of the Langu[age] as well as a good Grammar', a suggestion for establishing a 'Welsh corresponding Academy for restoring to its pristine purity the Ancient British or Welsh Language', etc.; 116, a list of twenty literary and historical subjects headed 'Progress of literary taste for improvement in Eastern South Wales'; 117, copies of two alphabets described as 'The most ancient Irish Alphabet named Bobeloth' and 'Irish Marcomanic or Marcomanic Runes'; 119, notes on ? bardic and public alphabets; 121-2, further notes on the Cimbri, Cymmry, or Cimmeri and their language; 137-41, lists or groups of miscellaneous Welsh words or phrases; 153-68, a brief account of religious dissent in Glamorgan in the 16th and 17th centuries with mention of Thomas Llywelyn, the bard, preaching to congregations at Blaen Cannaid and Rhegoes and translating the Bible into Welsh, and references to Wm. Erbury, Walter Caradog, Morgan Llwyd's visits to Glamorgan, the congregation at Blaen Cannaid, Lydia Phelle, meetings at Mynwent y Cwacers, Samuel Jones of Brynn Llywarch, and chapels or congregations at Tref y Ryg, parish of Llantrisan, Cefn Hengoed, parish of Gelli Gaer, Cwm y Glo near Merthyr, Ynys Gou in Merthyr, Coed y Cymmer near Merthyr, Cwm Cynnon near Aberdare, Hirwaen Forgan, parish of Aberdare, and Cymmer yr Ystrad, parish of Llantrisaint, all under the superscription 'Mân gofion am rai pethau eglwysig a chrefyddol a gefais gan y diweddar Mr. Morgan Llywelyn o Gastell Nedd'; 185-209, groups of Welsh words, verse extracts, etc.; 215-17, two lists containing the names of authors (Geoffrey of Monmouth, Morgan Llwyd, etc.), individual literary or historical works (Mabinogion, Drych y Prifoesoedd, etc.), and categories of material (Achau'r Saint, Triads, etc.), the first headed 'Our Ancient [Welsh] Prose Classics' and the second 'Modern [Welsh] Classics in prose', with a brief note on the language, etc., of these authors or works and criticism of the language of works written by modern, Welsh Unitarian writers; 218-20, brief notes on the characteristics of Welsh poetry from the earliest times with mention of Gruffudd ap Cynan, Rhys Goch ap Rhiccert, and Dafydd ap Gwilym; 221-3, notes on the formation of compound words in Welsh; 236, a list of words headed 'Specimens of roughness or of rugged words in the English'; 241-4, extracts from the works of Wm. Cynwal, Iorwerth Fynglwyd, Gwilym ab Ieuan Hen, Meredydd ap Rhys, and Llywelyn ap Ednyfed under the heading 'Caethiwed y Beirdd wedi darfod y Tywysogion'; (continued)

245-6, extracts from [? Henry] Hunter: Sacred Biography [London, 1783]; 247, brief notes headed 'Traddodiadau Morganwg am Owain Glyn Dwr'; 265-6, extracts from [Richard] Baxter: Poetical Fragments [London, 1681]; 269, extracts from Wm. Forbes: [An Account of the] Life of [James] Beattie [1807]; 269, an anecdote relating to Owain Glyndwr and an ash tree on Sterling Down [co. Glamorgan]; 270, brief notes headed 'Meteorology of Glam[organ]'; 271, a transcript of six stanzas of English verse headed 'Old song commonly sung in Glamorgan]'; 273, a transcript of three 'englynion' attributed to Rhisiart Tomas of Pen y Bont ar Ogwr, with a note thereon by [Edward Williams] 'Iolo Morganwg'; 274-5, a list of names of saints with churches founded by them in cos. Glamorgan and Monmouth allegedly from a volume in the possession of Siôn Bradford; 283, a note on an 'eisteddfod' held at Ystrad Ywaen [co. Glamorgan], ? 1603; 283-4, a note relating to the preservation of traditions, historical memorials, etc. in Wales; 285-7, a list of miscellaneous Welsh words with English or Latin definitions; 287, copies of four 'englynion' by [Edward Williams] 'Iolo Morganwg'; 301-?92, extracts from ? [J. Pinkerton:] Walpoliana; 393- 415, extracts from The Monthly Review, 1790, vols. 1 and 2, ibid., 1807, etc.; 415, a transcript of two 'englynion' to the Baptist meeting house at Maeshaleg [co. ] attributed to Harri Siôn of Pont y Pwl; ? 422 + 423, a short list of Welsh maxims headed 'Agricul[t]ural Maxims in Glamorgan]'; 424, four Welsh proverbs described as 'Glam[organ] proverb]s'; 424, specifications of 'Buarth mawr in Wick, a large Ruin, an Armory of the Dutchy of Lancaster ait Thos. Truman'; 428-9; a list of invaders of Britain ('Llyma son ysbysbwyll am yr Estroniaid a ddaethant i Ynys Prydain yn ormes yn erbyn Braint Cenedl y Cymry'); 429-37, miscellaneous groups of Welsh words, miscellaneous memoranda, and two stanzas of Welsh verse attributed to Siôn William; 438-40, suggestions in Welsh concerning matters for discussion at an annual meeting of Unitarians ('y Dwyfundodiaid') [to be held] in Aberdare [co. Glamorgan], N.D.; 441-56, miscellaneous memoranda, a brief note on the difference between North Wales and South Wales dialect, extracts from The Monthly Review, 1807, a transcript of a brief letter, 1807, from J. Franklen from Lanmihangle to Mr. Hooper, ? concerning a right of way, a brief note on Chinese methods of propagating fruit trees, extracts from speeches by Napoleon, etc.; 461- 4, a transcript of a sequence of thirty 'Englynion y Gorugau' attributed to Y Bardd Glas o'r Gadair; 465, a short list of Welsh triads ('Trioedd Amrafaelion'); 466, a note on Hugh Lupus, earl of Chester, ob. 1107; 468, a transcript of six more 'Gorugau' stanzas; 470, an anecdote relating to Ieuan fawr ap y Diwlith 'o Gil Fai'; 471, brief notes headed 'Llyma son am Glymau Cerdd dafawd herwydd y mesurau'; 472-3, 476 lists or groups of Welsh words; 477, notes with the incipit 'Llyma'r modd y nottaynt yr hen athrawon hyspysu cof amseroedd'; 478, a list of Welsh poetic measures headed 'Hen Ddosparth Tir Iarll', and a brief note commencing 'Llyma ddosparth y Corfannau a wnaeth Hopkin Thomas o Gil Fai . . . '; 479, rules relating to the training of bardic trainees or disciples; 480, a note relating to 'mesurau profest'; 480-85, pseudo-historical notes relating to the Welsh strict metres and the bardic system with mention of Rhys ab Tewdwr, Gruffudd ap Cynan, Llawdden Fardd, Dafydd ap Edmwnt, 'eisteddfodau' at Carmarthen 1450 and 1460, etc.; 486, a list of Welsh words ending in - ur with English definitions; 488, an anecdote relating to Sir Edward Stradlin and Dr. John David Rhys; 491, a short list of Welsh proverbs headed 'Diarhebion Morganwg'; 493-6 a brief note on the appearance of double and alternate rhymes in South Wales and on the form of the verbal termination for the third person singular past tense in the works of medieval Welsh poets, and miscellaneous Welsh word or phrase lists; 514, a short list of Welsh words with, in some instances, English or Latin definitions or equivalents; 519, notes on financial contributions headed 'Dwyfundodiaid, 1813, Gelli Onnen'; 521-9, miscellaneous notes noting, inter alia, archaeological remains, remains of abbeys, 'edifices by Inigo Jones' and repairs effected by him, various plants, fruit, trees, minerals, rocks, etc., to be found in various locations in co. Glamorgan; 531, brief notes on Dunraven Castle, Boverton Castle and Place, and Hays Castle in Lantwit and the remains of a camp adjacent to it; 532, a biographical note on John Hopkins 'versifier of the Psalms', ob. 1541; etc.