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A collection of Welsh poetry, with some prose, made, in his earlier hand, by Thomas ab William of Trefriw (cf. Penybont MS, which resembles the present manuscript in form and writing). The scribe has added some marginalia in his later hand. The prose items include prophecies, triads, and dates of historical events, etc., including Proffwydoliaeth Dewi Sant, Proffwydoliaeth yr Eryr Mawr, y pedair camp ar ugein, colofnau cerdd dafod, Trioedd Pawl Ebostawl, Trystan ac Esyllt; Dewisbethau Davydd Melenydd; Dewis bethau gwr, etc. There are poems by the following: Bedo Aerddren, Davydd Baentiwr, David ap Edmund, David ap Gwilim, D'd ap Hoel ap Ieuan Vaughan, David Nanmor, D'd Llwyd ap Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, David Pennant, David Hepynt, Daniel Llosgwrn Mew, Deio ap Ieuan Du, Enervin [sic] Gwowdrydd, Gruffyth ap Tudur ap Hoell, Gutto'r Glyn, Gwilyn ap Ieuan Hen, Gruffyth ap Ieuan ap Rhes Llwyd, Gronw Ddu o Von, Gruffydd ap Ieuan Llywelyn Vaughan, Gyttun Ywain, Howel Reinallt, Huw Cae Llwyd, Huw Arwystl, Huw ap Davidd, Hoel ap Iolyn, Iorwerth Vynglwyd, Ieuan ap Madoc, Iolo Goch, Ieuan ap Rydderch ap Ieuan Llwyd, Iorwerth Beli, Ieuan Llwyd Brydydd, Ieuan Dyfi, Ieuan Gethin ap Ieuan ap Lleision, Ieuan ap Hywel Swrdwal, Jenkyn ap Einion, Ieuan ap Gruffydd Leiaf, Lewis Daron, Lewis Morganwc, Lewis Alun, Lewis Glynn Cothi, Lewis Mon, Llywelyn Vaughan ap Llywelyn Voelrhon, Llywelyn Goch ap Meuric Hen, Llywelyn Moel y Pantri, Maerglaf ap Llowarch, Myrddin, Robert Leiaf, Robin Ddu, Rhes Goch or Eiry, Rhes Brychan, Rhes Goch Glyn Dyfrdwy, Robert ap Gr: Leia, Res Nanmor, Dr. Gruffydd Roberts, Sypyn Cyfeiliog, Syr Lewis ap John ap Ieuan, Syr Philipp Emlyn, Syr Davidd Trefor, Sion Kent, Taliesin, Tudor Penllyn, Tudur Alet, Thomas Derllys, William ap Gruffyth ap Deicws, William ap Dafydd ap Ieuan ap Llywelyn.

A collection made by John Price of Mellteyrn (cf. NLW MS 560B, Llanstephan MSS 122-5, Cwrt Mawr MS 25, and others in the same autograph in the National Library of Wales). There are about 100 poems of Dafydd ap Gwilim. The following poets are also represented: Dafydd ap Edmwnt, Dafydd Llwyd ap Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, Dafydd Owen, Gruffydd Hiraethog, Gruffydd ap Ifan ap Llywelyn Fychan, Howel ap Dafydd ap Ieuan, Huw Arwystle, Ieuan ap Rhydderch, Ieuan ap Llewelyn Vychan, Iolo Goch, Lewis Mon, Lewis Menai, LLywelyn ap Guttyn, Rhobin Ddu fab Sienkin ap Bledrydd, Richard Phylip, Rys ap Dafydd ap Llwyd ap Llewelyn Lygliw, Rhys Goch o Lyn Dyfrdwy, Sion Phylip, Sion Tudur, Sion Mowddwy, Syr Ifan Lloyd, Thomas Prys o Blasiolyn, Tudur Aled, and William Vaughan. There is a copy of Araith Iolo Goch at the end of the manuscript.

Sale by Elisse, son of Madoc, to the monks of Stradmarchell, for three pounds, in proper and perpetual possession, free and quit of all secular exaction and custom, fully, entirely and honourably, the whole of that land which is called Llecheudin, with all its bounds and appurtenances, namely, in wood, plain, waters, meadows and pastures, and in all uses and utilities. The bounds of the land are from Abercummein to its source, and from Blaincummehin straight to Kair runhoh and from Kairunhoh, as that stream goes as it falls near the ford of Dolwen, and also the stream Ritdolwen to Gweunrutd, and as Gweunrutd goes to the source of the stream called Nanthucheldref and down Nanthucheldref to Manachduuer to the stream called Alarch and so along Alarch to Geyro. As he wishes that this sale shall remain to the monks in peace for ever, it is sealed with his seal and attested by witnesses. -- Witnesses: Grifin, abbot of Stradmarchell, Phillipp, prior, Cadugan, conversus, Master Riuaun, Master Heylin, Howel, son of Ythael, Yoruerd Seithmarchog and many others. -- This sale is made at Eskengainoc, in the year of the Incarnation 1183, 14. Kal. May.

Grant by Owin, son of Madog, for the ransom of his sins and those of his parents, to the monks of Valle Crucis, serving God and St Mary there, of a certain parcel of land, in pure and perpetual alms, free and quit of all exaction, which is at Moyluav, between Garht hevigin and Weun Ruth, in wood and in plain and in all usages. At this gift, his heirs were present, willingly granting the same under him, and defending it from all wrong. Besides, lest any claim should arise in future, the deed is corroborated by his seal and the testimony of these letters, and the witnesses present, whose names are contained in the present sheet. Witnesses: Einniaun mab Einniaun mab Kathvor, Meuryg mab Kadugaun, John mab Edneveyn, Madauc mab Gorgeneu, Einniaun mab Ioab and many others. In the year of the Incarnation of the Lord 1207, in the month of June.

Gift by Weununwen, son of Owen of Keveyllauc, for the souls of himself, his father and mother and all his ancestors and successors, in free, quiet and pure alms and perpetual possession, freely, quit, well and in peace, without all claim, exaction and secular service, of the whole land called Havotoweyn, with all its bounds: from the black dyke, straight to Everenuy, from Evernuy to Nant ereyre, from Nanterere to its source, from its source, by the summit, of the hill to Bonemaenmelyn, thence straight to Redevoch, from Redevoch, by the summit of the hill to the source of Nanhanauc, by Nanhanauc by its length to Pullydan; on the other side from the said black dyke, by circuit to the stream called Hurd, the Hurd, in length to Hhyaen, from Hyaen in length upwards to the ford near Talerdic, and from that ford by the inner curve of the land to Weunrud, where the stream rises, which flows down to Pullydan, and by that stream to Pullydan, where the boundary ends. Also Cumekalch, with all its bounds and appurtenances, on one side from the stream which flows to Haen, in its length to Bulch ellogeyl, and from that place by the summit of the hill to Ryu egof, and thence again by the summit of the hill to Blaenbodreyswal; on the other side from Brendu from Hyaen, by the summit of the hill to the said place Blaenbodreyswal. He gives also Penant kenlleng, in these bounds: from the source of the stream called Nant er esgollev, in its length to Dulas, from Dulas in length to Aberdengy, by Deng upwards to its source. Likewise also the land which is between Dulas and Nanterescollev. Wennunwyn, accordingly, wishes that the monks shall possess by right for ever the said lands in all their bounds, well, in peace and quit of all exaction, claim or secular custom, in wood and plain, in their waters, ways and byeways, in feeding grounds and pastures, and in all uses and utilities, and in all manner of liberties. Lest any of his successors should try to infringe this, his gift, it is sealed and attested by witnesses. -- Witnesses: Goronvy ab Eynavn, Morvran ab David, Masters Heylyn, and Rvuavn, Daniel, priest, Meilyr ab Neuav, Cadugavn ab Ednyuet, Kener ab Kadugavn. -- This his gift was made in the hand of Griffin, abbot, at Dwalwern, in the year of grace 1185, 7th Ides May. – Seal of Gwenwynwyn.

Grant by Guenoingven, son of Owin of Keueiliauc, for the souls of himself and his parents, to the abbey of Estrat marchell, to possess for ever, for the future use of the monks, Dengwm, from the head to the outlet (exitum); Nantmeichat, likewise, from its beginning to Moch raiader; Negued uenedauc and Pennanbacho, Botreiswal, Pennan iegueinc, with all fields and hills and woods on the hills. Lest any claim should arise in the future on this his gift and alms, it is sealed and subscribed by witnesses. -- Witnesses on behalf of the donor: Einiaun, son of Bledgint, Einiaun, son of Laurence, Daniel, son of the priest of Keueiliauc, Griffri Niger, Meiler, son of Riawal, Gorgonius, son of Einiaun, Kenewal, Tegwareth, son of Ineueth of Goinet, Madauc, son of Genillin. On behalf of the church (the witnesses) are: Grifin, abbot, Gorgoni, son of Meinon, monk, Brother Helfin, Master Roger, Sulien, archdeacon, Master Helias, Mabin, clerk. -- Done in public at Dwalguern, the year of the Incarnation of the Word 1190, in the reign of the king of England, Richard, by name, the second year, 8 Kal. March.

Helisse son of Madoc, moved by piety, has given and confirmed to God, the Blessed Mary and the convent of Stratmarcell in pure and perpetual alms all pasturage in the province of Penllin, from the river called Dwer anudon to Hedeirniaun, and in breadth from the river called Geiru to the Berrwin Mountain, well and peaceably, freely and quietly, fully, entirely and honourably. He has given the said pasturage especially to the above mentioned monks for their own use, so that it be not lawful for any others to posses the same pastures either through purchase or gift. Something greater and dearer to him has he given to them, namely, his body to be buried and, after his death, one third of all his property, both in cattle and in all his other household furniture. These gifts were given and confirmed at Bala into the hand of Abbot Gruffydd before witnesses (named) the second year after the death of his brother Gruffydd when he first became possessed of the said province.

Notification by Alan, bishop of Bangor, addressed to all sons of Holy Mother Church in the bishopric of Bangor, that Kadwaladr, son of Howel, for the souls of himself and his parents, has given to the brothers of the church of the Cistercian order, St Mary of Estradmarhel, in perpetual and quiet alms, free from all exaction and custom, all the land from the stream called Bacho to the stream called Dengum; and also has sold for fifteen marks the feeding ground from the stream Dengum to Cumluith, to the same brothers for their own use. -- The witnesses of this gift and sale are: Laurence, Hospitaller, Sulien, archdeacon, Ioreuerth, dean, son of Howel, Ieuwaf, son of Ioreuerth, Philipp, prior of Lanwinnauch, Master Helias, Master Roger; of laymen: Meiler, son of Nennian, Griffud, son of Kadugaun, Karadauch the Little, Griffud Hiruein, Gurgeneu Preco, Henir Vates -- Because the present age is prone to evil and ingenuity tempts it calumniously to infringe what it endeavours to extort to itself, he confirms this gift and sale with his seal. Whomsoever shall presume to annul or disturb this gift and sale and the confirmation of this charter, by God’s authority and his own, he shall be overwhelmed by the sentence of anathema and thrown out of the bounds of Mother Church as long as he remains in his presumption.

Gift by Howel, son of Howel, to St Mary and the monks of Stradmarhel, of the land called Cumluit, in pure and perpetual alms, free from all due exaction, both secular and ecclesiastical, in all its limits, bounds and appurtenances, in wood and plain, cultivated and uncultivated, in meadows and pastures, moors, waters, fishings and fisheries, and in all uses and utilities, above the same land and below it, for the souls of himself, his father, ancestors and successors, as before him, Katwaladyr, his brother, gave and confirmed by his seal, and he (Howel) has received a price of fifteen marks from the monks of Stradmarhel. These are the bounds of this gift: from the place called Pennanbacho to the stream called Luyt, and on both sides of the same stream, in all its bounds and appurtenances. -- This gift was made in the year of the Incarnation of the Lord 1198. -- Witnesses: Madoc, son of Grifin, Morgant, son of Ris, Lowelin, son of Rodri, Ioab, son of Maredut, Gorony, son of Keldelu, Dauid, son of Iacob, Madoc, son of Owin.

Sale by Wennunwen, son of Owin, and all the heirs of the land called Roswidaul, to the monks of Stradmarchell, in proper and perpetual possession, for five and a half pounds, of all the land called Roswidaul, in all its bounds and appurtenances, in wood and plain, waters and in feeding grounds, and in all its uses and utilities, freely and quit and immune from all exaction, custom and secular service. This agreement is made in the year of the Incarnation of the Lord 1199 at Stradmarchell, in the hand of S[tigeri], prior. Lest this agreement should be disturbed in future Wennunwen seals the charter and it is attested by witnesses. -- Witnesses: A[aron], cellarer, Tegwaret, Daniel, Gorronui, Elfin, conversi of the same house, Daniele, son of the priest, Gorronui, son of Eynniaun, Meiler, son of Riawel, Mareduth, son of Philipp, E[y]nnia[un], son of Lwarch, and many others.

Gift by Wennwyn, son of Owen of Keveillauc, for the souls of himself, his parents and all his sons and successors, to St Mary and the monks of Stratmarchell, in pure and perpetual alms, of the whole land of Dolwen, with all its appurtenances, in wood, plain, ways and byeways, waters, mills, woods, and woodlands, mountains, feeding grounds, pastures and all other advantages (comodis) belonging to the said land, in these bounds: on one side, namely of Nodwyd, from the place where it descends in Ewernoe, by the length of Nodwyd to its source, from its source by the midst of Kevenbruyennau to Blaenbolo, from Blaen bolo to Blaen kannon, and thence as it leads between Kerenaun and Keuellyauc to Blaen evernec, from Ewernoc in its length to the said place Aber nodwyd. Wenunwen, accordingly wishes that the monks shall possess, by right, for ever, all the said land in the said bounds, well and in peace, freely and quit, without any exaction, claim or secular service, in all its uses, utilities and liberties. Lest any of his heirs or successors shall infringe this gift, it is sealed with his seal and attested by witnesses. -- Witnesses: Anian ab Kenvelin, Sullen, archdeacon, Goronwy ab Enyavn, Master Heylin, Gruffud ab Edneweyn, Kadugavn ab Griffri, David Coch, Edneweyn Flam and many others. -- In the year of the Incarnation of the Lord 1200 at Duwalwern.

Charter of King John, granting and confirming to St Mary and the abbot and monks of Stratmarchell, the gifts of Owen of Keuelyoc and Wennoneo, his son, and others, their donors, as the charters of the donors which they have thereon reasonably witness. -- Witnesses: H[ubert] archbishop of Canterbury, R[obert] bishop of Bangor, G[eoffrey] fitz Peter, earl of Essex, William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, William, son of Alan, Hugh Bardolf, William Briwerr, Robert Corbet, John Lestrange. -- By the hand of Simon, archdeacon of Wells and John de Gray, archdeacon of Gloucester. -- At Worcester, 11 April I John.

Gift by Wenuinwin, son of Owin, to St Mary and the monks of Stratmarcell, in pure and perpetual alms, of all the land which is called Riu Kaenessiet, with all its bounds and appurtenances, in plain and wood, in waters and pastures, and in all other uses and utilities, and in all other advantages (comodis), freely and quit and immune from all exaction and custom and secular service. He gives the said land to the said monks, well and in peace, freely and quietly, fully and entirely and honourably, the bounds of which are: from Carno in length to the ford of the river called Riu at Cumhewen; and in breadth from the river Finnant to the river called Bretwen. This gift is given and confirmed, that it may be ratified and unbroken at Stratmarcell, unto the hand of Philipp, abbot, before the convent, 4 Non. March in the year of the Incarnation of the Lord 1200. -- Witnesses: Hoitliw Seis, Grifri, son of Ioruert, Madoc surnamed Tanwr, Meuric, son of Res, Teguaret, son of Etnevet, Ioruert, son of Riwallaun, Huveluiu son of Kengen.

Grant by Wenunwen, son of Owin, to St Mary and the monks of Stradmarchell, for the soul of himself, in free, quiet and perpetual alms, of all the pastures of the whole province (provincie) called Keueilliauc, within these bounds: namely from Bon main melin to Lluin ecrois, and thence straight to Blain nanhanauc thence by Nanhanauc to its mouth (aber), and thence to Abernant karthbrandu, and by the length of that stream to its beginning (blain), and thence straight to Carnethwen, and thence to Gobleitheu, and from Pen Gobleitheu from the beginning; (blain) of Nant teyling, to its mouth (aber), and thence to Bacho and from Bacho to Aberdengum, and thence along Dengum to its source, and thence to Keilligogeu, and thence to Reidiaul, and along Reidiaul to Gwrhet kei, and along Reidiaul again to Aber Camdwr Keueiliauc, and from Aber Camdwr Keueiliauc to its source, and thence to Blain eynniaun, and so along Eynniaun to its mouth (aber) and thence along Devi to Aber dwlas, and thence along Dwlas to its source, and thence straight to Kenghulf, and thence to Blain lloido, and along Lloido to its mouth (aber) and thence along Devi to Aber Llewenith, and so along Llewenith to its source, and thence straight to Red pebellua on Clewedauc, and thence along Clawedauc to Gwernach, and along Gwernach to its source, and thence as the upper hill goes to Red derwen, and so along Derwen to Euernoe, and thence along Nant er heyre to Lledwern, and from Blain Lledwern straight to Bon main melin. All these pastures, Wennunwen gives the monks in these bounds, in wood and plain, and in all easements, freely and quit, well and in peace, and without any exaction and secular claim, to possess, by right, for ever. No other monks or nuns shall have any proprietorship or common within the said bounds, except the monks of Cumhyr, to whom at the petition of the monks of Stradmarchel he grants the pastures between Corf and Eynniaun, and except the monks of Kemmer, to whom also with the consent of the monks of Stradmarchel he grants Lloidarth and Cumketlli, on the other side of the stream. Wennunwen, accordingly, wishes that the monks of Stradmarchell shall possess, by right, for ever, fully and entirely, the said pastures, within the said bounds, except the said parts. That this gift shall remain firm and stable the present writing is sealed and attested by witnesses. -- Witnesses: Sulian, archdeacon, Master Heilin, Master Mabin, Eynniaun, son of Rodri, Kadugaun, son of Grifri, Dauid Goch, Edenewein Flam, Goroney, son of Eynniaun. -- Given in the year of the Incarnation of the Lord 1201 into the hand of P(hilipp) abbots.

Agreement between Wennunwen, son of Owin, and his heirs, and the monks of Stradmarchell, concerning the fishery at Keuillioc, on the river Deui, so that all the issues of that fishery shall be divided equally in two parts, between the prince and the said monks, so that the work and labour, preservation and repair, and expenses in all things, shall be provided commonly by both. The prince Wennunwen gives to the monks half the said fishery, in free and perpetual alms, quit and immune from all secular exaction, for the souls of himself, his parents and heirs. -- Witnesses: David, son of Kendelu, priest, Daniel, priest of Pennegoys, Kennig, priest of Machenthleith, Ruin, clerk, Gorono, son of Eyniavn, Meyler, son of Rywallavn, Riwallaun and Madavc, sons of Cenillin, Owein and Eyniavn, Pobien and Mareduth, sons of Philipp, son of Uchtred and many others.

Gift by Wennunwen, son of Owin, to St Mary and the monks of Stradmarchell, in pure and perpetual alms, of all the pastures of the province called Mochnant, within these bounds: namely in length from Doleweneu, next Aber Kenllith, to Cum vagel, in breadth from Kenneureon to the stream called Euernoe and Llanwothin. He wishes that the said monks shall possess the said pastures, by right, for ever, well and in peace, and without any exaction and secular custom, in wood and plain, within the said bounds, as fully as he Wennunwen, possesses them, and that no other men of religion shall ever have any pasture, or land or possession in that province, except only that the Brothers Hospitallers shall have the lands they have already acquired, but, in future, shall have no occupation or possession of lands or pastures, either by prayer or price or in any other manner. Sealed and attested by witnesses. -- Witnesses: Master Heilin, Master Mabin, Eynniavn, son of Kadugavn, Eynniaun, son of Madauc, Griffud, son of Howel, Morithic, son of Aearthur, Kellennin, son of Ythael, Gurgenw, son of Yago, and many others. -- This gift was made at Stradmarchell, in the year of the Incarnation of the Lord 1204, the day before the ides of February.

Sale by Cadewallaunt, son of Hewel, to the monks of Stradmarchell, for eight pounds, in free, quiet and perpetual possession, of these lands in all their bounds and appurtenances, namely Pennanbacho and Deffrenmerthir, Cumlluit and Cumbuga, in all their bounds and half of Deupiu, and half of Escoruaur, and half the land, both in wood and in plain, from Arannell as far as Redhouoch, and in addition, also Aberbredwen and Reucanesseit. Cadewallaun wishes that the monks shall possess all the said lands and pastures, by right, freely, quietly, well and in peace, and without any exaction or secular custom, namely, in wood, plain, ways, meadows, mills, pastures, and in all their uses and utilities. He gives the monks all pastures within the bounds of Arwistili, namely from Havren towards Powis, to possess, by right, for ever, well and in peace, freely and quit. Because the present age is prone to evil, wherefor it endeavours to extort to itself gain, the present sale is corroborated by seal and the attestation of good men. -- Witnesses: Gurgeneu, prior of Cumhir, Philipp, monk of Whitland (Alba Domo), Kediuor, monk of Stradflur, Seisil, monk, Kediuor Crec, Kediuor, son of Griffud, Madoc, son of Yeuuaf, conversi of Stradmarchell, Hoideleu, dean, Laurence, priest, Meuric, son of Morgant, Meiler, son of Griffud, Peredur, son of Ioruerth, Kadugan, son of Griffud. -- This sale was made at Llanandeueri, in the hand of I. prior of Stradmarchell, in the year of the Incarnation of the Lord, 1206.

Confirmation by Wennunwen, prince of Powis and lord of Arwistili, to the monks of Stradmarchell, in free and quiet and perpetual possession, of those lands, namely Gardlliuein, Cumber, and Hauot Gwgaun, and thence the whole land upwards, in wood and plain, to Red houoch and to Red arcum howen, in all their bounds and appurtenances, which lands they bought from him and the true heirs of those lands, for sixteen pounds, in perpetual possession. Wennunwen, accordingly, wishes that the monks shall possess, by right, for ever, all the said lands, in all their bounds and appurtenances, freely, quietly and in peace, without any exaction or secular custom, namely in stood and plain, and in all their uses and utilities. Lest anyone should presume to go against this sale, it is corroborated by seal and the attestation of good men. Witnesses: Sulian, archdeacon, Gervase, dean of Arwistili, Master Helin, Master Mabin, Daniel, son of the priest, Philipp, priest, John, priest, son of Kenewreic, Edenewein, priest, Anian and Grifri, sons of Goronui, Kener, son of Cadugaun, Meiler, son of Nenneaun, Madoc and Robert, sons of Griffud Hireuin Karadauc, son of Grifri Were, Eyniaun, son of Luarch, Eueleuu, son of Kengen.

Gift by Wennuinwin, son of Ovin, for the souls of himself, his parents and heirs, to the monks of Stratmarchel, in perpetual and quiet alms, free from all exaction and custom, with the full donation of the heirs, that land called Defrynmerthyr, from Dencum to Cum luit, and Cum luit on to the sides of the river, in all its bounds and appurtenances, in wood and plain, from Luit to Clawedauc. Sealed and attestation of witnesses. Witnesses: Goronuy, son of Einniaun, Kenyr, son of Kadugaun, Meilir Du, Teguaret, son of Ydneuet, Meilir, son of Nennyan, Heynniaun, son of Deheweint, Moruran, son of Cuhelin, Kadugaun son of Grifin, Daniel, son of Kendelu, priest.

Sale by Wennunwen, son of Owin, to the monks of Stradmarchell, in free, quiet and perpetual possession, for eighteen pounds, of the whole land called Randir Gwiaun, in all its bounds and appurtenances, both below and above namely, in wood and plain, in meadows and pastures, and in all its uses and utilities. He has sold the said land to the said monks, by the counsel and consent of the heirs of that land, namely Gwiaun, son of Gwiaun, and his sons who had sold their half of the said land to the monks, in perpetual possession for a suitable price; likewise by the counsel and consent of the sons of Owin, the son of Kendelo, namely Luelin and Griffud and Goronoy, and also of the sons of Yago, namely Ioruerth and Aun, the other half of the said land is sold to the monks in perpetual possession. Wennunwen, accordingly, wishes that the monks shall possess, by right, for ever, the said land in all its bounds and appurtenances, fully, entirely, freely, quietly, well and in peace, honourably, without any exaction and secular custom. Lest the sale shall be disturbed in future, it is sealed and attested by witnesses. Witnesses: Sulian, archdeacon, Master Helin, Lewelin, son of Owin, Kadugan, son of Grifri, Edenewein Flam, David Goch, John Glaswen. The sale of half of the said land was made in the year of the Incarnation of the Lord 1206 and the remaining half in the following year.