File 1. - Awduron ac ysgolheigion Cymreig

John Barnie (1941- ), poet and writer, was born in Abergavenny, Gwent. He attended King Henry VIII’s Grammar School, Abergavenny, before studying at the University of Birmingham where he graduated with a PhD in 1969. Following this, he taught English Literature at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, where he lived from 1969-1982, and in 1979 spent some time in Memphis, Tennessee as an Honorary Fellow for the Centre for Southern Folklore. After returning to Wales, Barnie became the editor of the magazine Planet: The Welsh Internationalist from 1990-2006. Barnie is a prolific poet and writer and has published several collections of poetry, works of fiction, and collections of essays, one of which, The King of Ashes, won a Welsh Arts Council Prize for Literature in 1990. His collection Trouble in Heaven was long listed for Wales Book of the Year 2008. He has also performed in a number of bilingual blues and poetry groups.

Gillian Clarke is a poet, writer, editor and broadcaster.
Gillian Kieft Williams was born in Cardiff in 1937, the daughter of Ceinwin and Penri Williams. Her mother originated from Denbighshire and her father was a native of Carmarthenshire, and although both parents spoke Welsh their children were educated through the medium of English. She attended schools in Barry, Penarth and Porthcawl, and read English at University College, Cardiff, where she graduated in 1958. She spent two years working as a researcher in the News Information Department for the BBC in London, before returning to Wales. In 1960 she married Peter Clarke and devoted the following years to raising their three children.
Gillian Clarke's poems were first published in Poetry Wales in 1970, and she was soon recognised as one of the leading Welsh poets writing in English. Her first collection of poems, Snow on the mountain, was published in 1971, followed by The sundial (1978), Letter from a far country (1982), Letting in the rumour (1989), The King of Britain's daughter (1993), Five fields (1998), and Making the beds for the dead (2004). A volume of Selected poems was published in 1985 and her Collected poems appeared in 1997. Commissioned poems include Nine Green Gardens (2000), Owain Glyn Dwr (2000), and Bioverse (2000); and some have been performed on radio, e.g. 'Talking in the dark' (1975), and 'Letter from a far country' (1979). In addition, she has written poems for children, including The Animal Wall (1999), and her work has been published in various anthologies and is studied by GCSE and A-Level students. Essays, articles, short stories and reviews by Gillian Clarke have appeared in numerous publications. In recent years she has written several plays which have been performed in theatre and on radio, including 'The Blue Man' (2000) and 'Letter from a far country' (2004, adapted from the poem of the same title).
Although Welsh is her second language, the language and culture are an inherent feature of her writing, as is the rural background to much of her work and her experiences as a woman. She has learnt Welsh and published poems in the language, and occasionally incorporates elements of Welsh-language writing, such as traditional Welsh metres and vocabulary, in her English work. Stories translated by her from Welsh were published in One Moonlit Night (1991), and she has translated Welsh poems into English, most notably those by Menna Elfyn.
Gillian Clarke has held various freelance teaching posts over the years. She was a lecturer in art history at Gwent College of Art and Design between 1975 and 1984. In 1984-1985 she held a writing fellowship at St. David's University College, Lampeter, and has tutored students on an M.Phil. course in Creative Writing at the University of Glamorgan since 1994. She has taught creative writing to school children and adults for a number of years and organised and participated in poetry workshops and readings in England and Wales. She has travelled abroad on writers' exchange visits, given poetry readings and lectures as far afield as Europe and the United States, and her work has been translated into several languages. In 1971 she became reviews editor of The Anglo-Welsh Review, and succeeded Roland Mathias as editor of the journal from 1976 to 1984.
Gillian Clarke is a member of Academi and a past Chair of Yr Academi Gymreig (English Language Section). In 1990 she co-founded Tŷ Newydd, and has been President of the writers' centre in North Wales; she was also appointed Chair of the Taliesin Trust in 1989. She has been honoured by Aberystwyth, Cardiff and Swansea Colleges of the University of Wales, and in 1997 a volume of essays, poems and tributes by other writers and critics, edited by Menna Elfyn, Trying the Line, was compiled to mark her sixtieth birthday.
She lives with her second husband on a smallholding in Talgarreg, Ceredigion.

Roedd y Parch. Dr Thomas James Davies (1919-2007) yn weinidog ac yn awdur. Fe'i ganed yn Llanfihangel-y-Creuddyn ar 12 Rhagfyr 1919, ac ar ôl cyfnod fel ffermwr aeth yn weinidog gyda'r Methodistiaid Calfinaidd, ac yn ddiweddarach yr Annibynwyr. Ymhlith ei waith cyhoeddedig mae Dilyn David Livingstone (Llandybie, 1974), Nabod Bro a Brodorion (Abertawe, 1975), Ieuan Gwyllt (Llandysul, 1977), Pencawna (Abertawe, 1979), Paul Robeson (Abertawe, 1981) a Iechyd Da (Llandysul, 1983); ysgrifennai hefyd y golofn 'O Ben Dinas' yn y Cambrian News. Wedi iddo symyd i Gaerdydd daeth yn ysgrifennydd cyffredinol y Cyngor Unedig ar Alcohol a Chyffuriau Eraill ac yn weinidog ar Eglwys Annibynnol Bethlehem, Gwaelod y Garth. By farw yng Nghaerdydd ar 30 Mehefin 2007.

Roger Nicholas Edwards was born on 25 February 1934 and was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated in history in 1957. He married Ankaret Healing in 1963, and there were one son and two daughters of the marriage. He was Conservative MP for Pembrokeshire from 1970 until 1987, shadow Secretary of State for Wales from 1975, and Secretary of State for Wales during the first two Thatcher governments from 1979 until 1987. Following his retirement from the Commons, he entered the House of Lords as Lord Crickhowell. He served as chairman of the National Rivers Authority from 1989 until 1996 and president of the University of Wales, Cardiff from 1988 to 1998. Lord Crickhowell published a volume of autobiography Westminster, Wales and Water in 1999. His particular political interests were the environment, economic policy, urban policies and devolution. Lord Crickhowell died on 17 March 2018.

Roedd Gwynfor Evans yn un o brif wleidyddion Cymru ledled ail hanner yr ugeinfed ganrif, Llywydd Plaid Cymru o 1945 hyd at 1981 a'r cyntaf i gipio sedd yn y Senedd ar ran y Blaid, hynny ym 1966. Mae hefyd yn awdur nifer o gyfrolau hanesyddol pwysig.
Ganed Gwynfor Richard Evans yn Y Barri, Sir Forgannwg, ar 1 Medi 1912, yn fab i Dan Evans a Catherine Mary Richard ei wraig. Addysgwyd ef yn Ysgol Gynradd Gladstone Road, Y Barri, Ysgol Ramadeg y Barri, Coleg y Brifysgol, Aberystwyth a Choleg San Ioan, Rhydychen. Yn wreiddiol hyfforddwyd ef fel cyfreithiwr a daeth yn gyfreithiwr proffesiynol ym 1939, ond yna penderfynodd ennill ei fywoliaeth fel garddwr masnachol a gwnaeth ei gartref yn Llangadog, sir Gaerfyrddin. Ym 1941 ymbriododd â Rhiannon Prys Thomas, un a fu'n gefn cyson iddo drwy gydol ei fywyd cyhoeddus, a bu iddynt bedwar mab a thair merch.
Ym 1939 dewiswyd Gwynfor Evans yn ysgrifennydd mudiad Heddychwyr Cymru, ac ym 1941 etholwyd ef yn is-lywydd Plaid Cymru. Pedair blynedd yn ddiweddarach daeth yn Llywydd y Blaid, swydd y parhaodd ynddi tan 1981. Etholwyd ef yn aelod o Gyngor Sir Gaerfyrddin ym 1949 a pharhaodd fel henadur y Cyngor o 1949 tan 1974. Ym 1954 dewiswyd ef hefyd yn gadeirydd Undeb yr Annibynwyr Cymreig. Yng Ngorffennaf 1966 gwnaeth gyfraniad gwir hanesyddol pan gipiodd etholaeth Sir Gaerfyrddin mewn is-etholiad hollbwysig a gynhaliwyd yn dilyn marwolaeth y Fonesig Megan Lloyd George. Collodd y sedd yn etholiad cyffredinol Mehefin 1970, ond cynrychiolodd yr etholaeth unwaith eto yn y Senedd rhwng Hydref 1974 a 1979. Aflwyddiannus bu ei ymgeisyddiaeth yno ym 1979 a 1983.
Chwaraeodd Gwynfor Evans ran ganolog yn natblygiad ei blaid fel grym gwleidyddol, a bu'n hollol allweddol ym mhob menter dros genedlaetholdeb Cymreig o'r Ail Ryfel Byd ymlaen. Hyd ddiwedd y ganrif roedd yn ffigwr dylanwadol ym mywyd cyhoeddus Cymru a pharhaodd yn uchel ei barch hyd yn oed ymhlith aelodau o bleidiau gwleidyddol eraill yng Nghymru a Lloegr. Roedd hefyd yn hynod amlwg yn y frwydr i sicrhau pedwaredd sianel a fyddai darlledu'n bennaf yn yr iaith Gymraeg, ac ym 1980 cyhoeddodd ei barodrwydd i ymprydio hyd angau pe bai angen oni chyflawnai'r Llywodraeth ei hymrwymiad i ddarparu'r fath wasanaeth yn unol ag addewid ei faniffesto etholiadol ym 1979. Gwasanaethodd hefyd fel aelod o fyrdd o bwyllgorau a chyrff cyhoeddus yng Nghymru, gan gynnwys Cyngor a Llys Llywodraethwyr Prifysgol Cymru, Aberystwyth a Chyngor Darlledu Cymru.
Roedd Gwynfor Evans hefyd yn awdur toreithiog. Cyhoeddodd nifer fawr o bamffledi ac erthyglau gwleidyddol eu naws yn y Gymraeg a'r Saesneg sydd yn adlewyrchu ei gred mewn cenedlaetholdeb a heddychiaeth. Ymhlith ei gyfrolau niferus mae Wales Can Win (1973), A National Future for Wales (1975), Diwedd Prydeindod (1981), (cyfrol sydd yn ddadansoddiad llym o 'Brydeinrwydd' y Cymry), Pe Bai Cymru'n Rhydd (1989) a Fighting for Wales (1990). Cyhoeddodd hefyd hanes cynhwysfawr Cymru yn ei gyfrol Aros Mae (1971), astudiaeth a enillodd cryn fri ac a chyfieithwyd i'r Saesneg dan y teitl Land of My Fathers (1974). Fel hanesydd roedd Evans yn olynydd teilwng i awduron fel Theophilus Evans ac Owen M. Edwards. Roeddent oll yn gwneud defnydd o ymchwil ysgolheigion eraill er mwyn ceisio meithrin yn eu cyd-Gymry falchder yng ngogoniant eu hanes a'u llên. Gweithiau eraill o bwys o'i eiddo yw Seiri Cenedl (1986), cyfrol o fywgraffiadau byrion o Gymry blaenllaw drwy'r oesoedd ynghyd â fersiwn Saesneg Welsh Nation Builders (1987).
Dyfarnwyd i Gwynfor Evans radd Ll.D. (Cymru) honoris causa ym 1973 a medal Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion ym 1984. Ers blynyddoedd roedd yn byw yn Nhalar Wen, Pencarreg ger Llanybydder, sir Gaerfyrddin, lle bu farw ar 21 Ebrill 2005 yn 92 mlwydd oed.

Gwynfor Evans was one of the most prominent Welsh politicians throughout the second half of the twentieth century, Plaid Cymru President from 1945 until 1981, and the first person to win a parliamentary seat on behalf of Plaid Cymru in July 1966. He is also the author of a number of important historical works.
Gwynfor Richard Evans was born at Barry, Glamorganshire, on 1 September 1912, the son of Dan Evans and Catherine Mary Richard his wife. He was educated at Gladstone Road Elementary School, Barry, Barry County School, the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, and St John's College, Oxford. He originally trained to be a solicitor and qualified in 1939. But he then decided to earn his living as a market gardener and settled at Llangadog, Carmarthenshire. In 1941 he married Rhiannon Prys Thomas, a partner who supported him unstintingly in his public work. They had four sons and three daughters.
In 1939 Gwynfor Evans was chosen secretary of the Heddychwyr Cymru (Welsh Pacifist) movement and in 1941 he became the vice-president of Plaid Cymru. Four years later he was elected party president and remained in that position until 1981. He was elected to the Carmarthenshire County Council in 1949 and remained an alderman of the council until his retirement in 1974. In 1954 he was chosen chairman of the Union of Welsh Independents. In July 1966 a truly historic event occurred when Gwynfor Evans captured the Carmarthenshire constituency in a momentous by-election held following the death of Lady Megan Lloyd George. He lost the seat in the June 1970 General Election, but again represented the constituency in parliament from October 1974 until 1979. His candidatures there were unsuccessful in 1979 and 1983.
Gwynfor Evans played a central role in the development of his party as a political force, and he was a key figure in every nationalist campaign ever since the Second World War. Until the very end of the twentieth century he was an influential figure in Welsh public life and he was highly respected even among the members of other political parties in Wales and England. He was also hugely prominent in the campaign to secure a fourth television channel which would broadcast mainly in the Welsh language, and in 1980 he announced his willingness to go on hunger strike until death if necessary unless the government adhered to its pledge to set up such a service in keeping with its election manifesto promise in 1979. He also served as a member of an array of committees and public bodies in Wales, among them the Council and Court of Governors of the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth and the Welsh Broadcasting Council.
Gwynfor Evans was also a prolific author. He published a large number of political pamphlets and articles in both Welsh and English, writings which reflect his unwavering belief in nationalism and pacifism. Among his many volumes are Wales Can Win (1973), A National Future for Wales (1975), Diwedd Prydeindod (1981) (a volume which comprises a harsh condemnation of the 'British' attitudes of the Welsh people), Pe Bai Cymru'n Rhydd (1989) and Fighting for Wales (1990). He also published a comprehensive history of Wales in his volume Aros Mae (1971), a study which was highly acclaimed and which was translated into English in the volume Land of My Fathers (1974). As a historian Evans was a worthy successor to authors like Theophilus Evans and Owen M. Edwards. Each of these writers made use of the researches of other scholars with the aim of attempting to instil in their fellow Welsh people a pride in the glories of their history and literature. Other important works published by Gwynfor Evans include Seiri Cenedl (1986), a volume of short biographies of prominent Welsh historical figures, together with an English version Welsh Nation Builders (1987).
Gwynfor Evans was awarded the degree of Ll.D. (Wales) honoris causa in 1973 and the medal of the Honorary Society of Cymmrodorion in 1984. For many years he resided at Talar Wen, Pencarreg, near Llanybydder, Carmarthenshire where he died on 21 April 2005 aged 92 years.

Raymond Garlick (1926-2011), Anglo-Welsh poet and critic, was born on 21 September 1926 in Harlesden, London, but was sent to live with relatives in Llandudno as a schoolboy. He learnt Welsh whilst studying English at the University of North Wales, Bangor. Garlick married Elin Hughes in 1948 (they divorced in 1977); the couple adopted two children, Iestyn in 1952 and Angharad in 1958. In April 1949 he went to teach English at Pembroke Dock County School under Roland Mathias. There he was a co-founder of the literature periodical Dock Leaves (from 1958 the Anglo-Welsh Review), and its first editor, 1949-1960. In 1954 he moved to Blaenau Ffestiniog, where his neighbour was John Cowper Powys. In 1961 Garlick joined the International School at Eerde in the Netherlands. The family returned to Wales in 1967 when Garlick took up a position at Trinity College, Carmarthen. He eventually became Principal Lecturer in charge of the Welsh Studies course. He retired in 1987 but continued to live in Carmarthen. He died in Cardiff on 19 March 2011, aged 84. Garlick published several volumes of poetry including Poems from the Mountain-House (London, 1950), The Welsh-Speaking Sea (Tenby, 1954), Requiem for a Poet (Tenby, 1954), Blaenau Observed (Tenby, 1957), A Sense of Europe (Llandysul, 1968), A Sense of Time: Poems and Antipoems 1969-1972 (Llandysul, 1972), Incense (Llandysul, 1976), Collected Poems 1946-86 (Llandysul, 1987), and Travel Notes (Llandysul, 1992). Garlick's contribution as a champion of Anglo-Welsh literature includes the critical treatise An Introduction to Anglo-Welsh Literature (Cardiff, 1970), and the anthology Anglo-Welsh Poetry 1480-1980, ed. by Raymond Garlick and Roland Mathias (Bridgend, 1984).

Prof. Gwyn Jones (1907-1999), scholar, novelist and short-story writer, was born on 27 May 1907 in Blackwood, Monmouthshire. He was educated at Tredegar County School and later studied at University College, Cardiff, where he graduated in English in 1927. He was awarded an MA degree for a thesis on the Icelandic Sagas in 1929. During the same year he was appointed to a teaching post at Wigan, later moving to Manchester. His first publications, Four Icelandic Sagas and Richard Savage, appeared in 1935, the year in which he moved back to Cardiff as a lecturer in the English Department. In 1940 he was appointed Professor of English at Aberystwyth, where he stayed until 1964, when he was appointed to the Chair of English at Cardiff. He remained there until his retirement in 1975. He was a major figure in Anglo-Welsh literature. He founded, with Creighton Griffiths, the monthly magazine The Welsh Review which appeared, under his editorship, from February to November 1939. He edited some volumes of Welsh short stories and the Oxford Book of Welsh Verse in English (1977). He also wrote three novels. Together with Thomas Jones, the medievalist, he prepared a new translation of the Mabinogi which was first published in 1948. He received many honours, including the Order of the Falcon by the President of Iceland, and was a Commander of the British Empire.

Olynodd D. Tecwyn Lloyd, Gwenallt, a fu'n olygydd Taliesin rhwng 1961 a 1964, a pharhaodd yn Olygydd o 1965 hyd at 1987. Fe'i penodwyd ef ac Islwyn Ffowc Elis yn gyd-olygyddion ym 1965, fe barhaodd Tecwyn Lloyd yn y swydd ar ôl ymddiswyddiad Islwyn Ffowc Elis ym 1966.

Dr Prys Morgan is Emeritus Professor of History at the University of Wales, Swansea, Glamorgan. His main field of research is eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Wales, and his numerous publications on the subject include a book on Iolo Morganwg. He sits on various bodies connected with the arts and conservation such as the Historic Buildings Council for Wales which advises the National Assembly for Wales on grant assistance for, and planning matters relating to, historic buildings. He has also been assistant editor of Barn, and editor of the Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion.

Professor David Gwyn Williams (1904-1990) was a poet, novelist and translator. He was born at Port Talbot, Glamorgan, and attended the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, and Jesus College, Oxford. He lectured at the Universities of Cairo, Alexandria, Benghazi, and Istanbul, 1935-1969, becoming Professor of English Language and Literature. He then lived in his grandfather's house in Trefenter, Cardiganshire, until 1983, when he moved to Aberystwyth. He was married with five children, and died in 1990. He wrote a variety of works, including translations of Welsh poetry into English, collected as To Look For a Word (Llandysul, 1976); novels including This Way to Lethe (London, 1962) and The Avocet (Swansea, 1970); poetry, Inns of Love (Swansea, 1970), Foundation Stock (Llandysul, 1974), Choose Your Stranger (Port Talbot, 1979) and Y Ddefod Goll (Port Talbot, 1980); an adaptation of Troelus a Chresyd (Llandysul, 1976); Person and Persona (Cardiff, 1978), a collection of Shakespearean studies; An Introduction to Welsh Literature (Cardiff, 1978); The Land Remembers (London, 1977), based on scripts for a BBC TV series; an autobiography, ABC of (D.) G. W. (Llandysul, 1981); and four travel books.