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The Cambrian Archaeological Association was established in 1846 to further the study of Welsh archaeology. The Association's annual journal, Archaeologia Cambrensis, was first published in the same year. Early prominent members of the Association included the Rev. Edward Lowry Barnwell (Secretary, 1854-1875), D. R. Thomas (editor of the journal, 1875-1880 and 1884-1888), and the first President of the Association, Sir Stephen Richard Glynne. The Association continues to run annual meetings and excursions, publishing Archaeologia Cambrensis and the Cambrian Archaeological Monographs series.

The diocese of Swansea and Brecon was created on 1 July 1923 from the existing diocese of St. Davids, comprising the archdeaconry of Brecon and the rural deaneries of East and West Gower. Geographically, this comprises the old counties of Brecon and Radnor (except for a few border parishes), the Swansea Valley, and the Gower Peninsula. The decision to create the diocese was taken by a committee appointed by the Governing Body of the recently disestablished Church in Wales, as the old diocese of St Davids (then the largest bishopric in England and Wales) was considered too large in area. The diocese is divided into two archdeaconries, the ancient archdeaconry of Brecon and the archdeaconry of Gower, created in 1923 on the formation of the diocese. The first bishop, Edward Latham Bevan, who had been consecrated Suffragen Bishop of Swansea in 1915, was installed on 14 September 1923.

The former Priory Church of St John the Evangelist, Brecon, became the cathedral church of the new diocese in September 1923. The church was adapted to serve as a cathedral and the buildings in the close were returned for the use of the Dean and Chapter to serve as vestries and accommodation for the clergy. In recent years some of these buildings have been converted into a Diocesan Centre, Heritage Centre, shop and restaurant. Ely Tower in Brecon was offered by Lord Tredegar to be the residence of the Bishop of Swansea and Brecon.

The Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales (CPRW) is a national charity founded in 1928 by Sir Clough Williams-Ellis under the title of The Council for the Preservation of Rural Wales. The name was changed to the Council for the Protection of Rural Wales in 1962, followed by its current title in 1991. The aim of CPRW is to protect the countryside of Wales and to encourage development that will not detract from the natural environment or cultural heritage. The organisation has established itself as a highly respected consultation body for national and local government, environmental and heritage groups and private individuals. From the main directors' office in Welshpool a liaison officer supervises the Living Wales Project which employs two officers, one in North Wales and one in mid-Wales, whose work time is shared by the Brecon Beacons National Park Authority. Both the professional staff and volunteer members are employed to examine the environmental, ecological, economic and aesthetic aspects of planning applications and to undertake the necessary lobbying and campaigning. The implementation of proposals and financial matters are overseen by the Executive Committee and the Financial and General Purposes Committee. Close co-operation is maintained with bodies such as Cambrian Archaeological Association, Wales Wildlife and Countryside Link. Rural land use issues are discussed with government institutions within Britain and the European Union, the National Assembly and local authorities including National Parks. The CPRW also seeks to influence private developers and others who may threaten the qualities it seeks to protect. It provides a library service and it uses education and media publicity to inform the public of its function and activities.

The CPRW operates a scheme of Rural Wales Awards, presented to organisations or individuals who are considered to have made a substantial contribution to the preservation of the landscape and environment in Wales. There are seventeen regional branches and quarterly bulletins keep members informed of the organisation's activities. Annual study conferences have attracted distinguished naturalists and historians. The CPRW also produces annually three editions of Rural Wales Magazine which are distributed to members, politicians, local authorities, statutory and voluntary organisations and the media. Past presidents have included Lady Megan Lloyd George, 1949-1965, Wynford Vaughan Thomas, 1968-1972 and Lady (Baroness) Eirene Lloyd White, 1973-1989. Other distinguished members of CPRW committees have been Cecily Williams-Ellis, Capt. H.R.H. Vaughan and Col. Morrey Salmon.

Y mae Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd Prifysgol Cymru yn sefydliad ymchwil sy'n cynnal prosiectau cydweithredol ar hanes, iaith, a llên Cymru, a gwledydd Celtaidd eraill. Roedd Coleg Prifysgol Cymru wedi cydnabod Ysgol Astudiaethau Celtaidd yn Aberystwyth ers 1971, sef yr adrannau Cymraeg, Gwyddeleg, a Hanes Cymru. Yn 1976, lansiodd Athrawon yr Ysgol apêl er cof am y llenor Syr Thomas Parry-Williams, a fu farw yn 1975, ac i ddathlu’r ysgolheigion ac Athrawon Astudiaethau Celtaidd eraill a ddysgodd yn Aberystwyth, sef (o’r Adran Gymraeg) Timothy Lewis, Thomas Jones, Garfield Hughes, a J.R.F. Piette; ac (o Adran Hanes Cymru) E.A. Lewis, T. Jones-Pierce, David Williams, ac W. Ogwen Williams. Bwriad yr Apêl oedd codi arian er mwyn sefydlu Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd yn Aberystwyth, gyda'i adeilad ei hun a chysylltiad agos gyda'r Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru. Roedd yr Apêl yn llwyddiannus, ac agorodd y Ganolfan yn swyddogol yn 1979 yn yr Hen Goleg, Aberystwyth, gyda'r Athro J.E. Caerwyn Williams fel y Cyfarwyddwr Mygedol gyntaf. Yn 1983 fe wnaeth Coleg Prifysgol Cymru gais llwyddiannus i’r Pwyllgor Grantiau Prifysgolion am arian i gyflogi tîm o chwe staff swyddogol yn y Ganolfan, ac yn 1985 apwyntiwyd ei chyfarwyddwr swyddogol cyntaf, Yr Athro R. Geraint Gruffydd. Yn 1988, fe wnaeth y Ganolfan gais llwyddiannus pellach i’r Pwyllgor Grantiau i adeiladu adeilad pwrpasol i gartrefi’r Ganolfan ochr yn ochr ag Uned Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru. Agorodd yr adeilad newydd yn Aberystwyth, ar bwys Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru, yn 1993, a chymerodd Yr Athro Geraint H. Jenkins drosodd fel Cyfarwyddwr yn ddiweddarach yr un flwyddyn. Daeth y Geiriadur o dan gyfarwyddiaeth y Ganolfan yn 2007. Ar ôl ymddeoliad Yr Athro Geraint H. Jenkins yn 2008 apwyntiwyd Yr Athro Dafydd Johnston fel Cyfarwyddwr y Ganolfan tan 2021, pan benododd y Ganolfan ei chyfarwyddwr presennol, Yr Athro Elin Haf Gruffydd Jones.

Sefydlwyd Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru yn 1998 fel corfforaeth. Dim ond pwerau i greu deddfwriaeth eilradd, a hynny gyda chaniatâd Senedd y DU, oedd ganddo ar y cychwyn. Yn 2007 daeth Deddf Llywodraeth Cymru 2006 i rym a chynyddwyd pwerau deddfu'r Cynulliad. Bellach roedd gan y Cynulliad y pwerau i basio deddfau, a alwyd yn Fesurau'r Cynulliad, i Gymru mewn meysydd penodol gyda chydsyniad llywodraeth y DU. Yn dilyn pleidlais 'ie' yn refferendwm 2011 rhoddwyd pwerau deddfu ychwanegol i'r Cynulliad ac mae bellach yn gallu pasio deddfau ar yr holl bynciau yn yr ugain maes datganoledig heb ofyn am ganiatâd Senedd y DU. Bellach, nid yw cyfreithiau'r Cynulliad yn cael eu hadnabod fel Mesurau Cynulliad, ond yn hytrach mae cyfreithiau arfaethedig yn cael eu galw'n 'Biliau', a bydd cyfreithiau sydd wedi'u pasio yn cael eu galw'n 'Deddfau'. Y Trydydd Cynulliad (2007-2011), felly, oedd yr unig gynulliad i basio Mesurau. = Established in 1998 as a corporate body, the National Assembly for Wales initially only had powers to initiate secondary legislation when authorised by the UK Parliament. In 2007 the Government of Wales Act 2006 came into force and the law making powers of the Assembly were increased. The National Assembly now had the powers to make laws, called Assembly Measures, for Wales in defined areas with the permission of the UK Parliament. Following a 'yes' vote in the 2011 referendum further law making powers were given to the Assembly and it is now able to pass laws on all subjects in the twenty devolved areas without needing the agreement of the UK Parliament. Assembly laws now ceased to be called Assembly Measures and proposed laws are called Bills and the enacted laws are called Acts. Thus the Third Assembly (2007-2011) was the only Welsh Assembly to pass measures.