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Ffurfiwyd Plaid Cymru ar 5 Awst 1925 mewn cyfarfod ym Mhwllheli. Ei nod ar y cychwyn oedd hyrwyddo'r iaith Gymraeg. Erbyn y 1930au yr oedd y blaid yn mabwysiadu agenda gwleidyddol ehangach gyda pholisïau economaidd a chyda'r bwriad o sicrhau newid cyfansoddiadol, a ddisgrifiwyd i gychwyn fel 'statws dominiwn'. Ymladdodd y blaid ei hetholiad gyntaf yn 1929, pan enillodd Lewis Valentine 609 o bleidleisiau yn sir Gaernarfon. Wrth i gefnogaeth i'r Blaid gynyddu, cyflwynwyd mwy o ymgeiswyr a dechreuodd ennill seddi ar gynghorau lleol. Gwynfor Evans oedd AS cyntaf Plaid Cymru, trwy ennill isetholiad Caerfyrddin yn 1966. Yn 1970 ymladdodd y blaid pob sedd yng Nghymru yn yr Etholiad Cyffredinol, gan ennill dros 175,000 o bleidleisiau. Yn 1974, enillodd y blaid dwy sedd, Caernarfon a Meirionnydd. Yn dilyn Etholiad Cyffredinol 2001 yr oedd ganddi bedair sedd. Dioddefodd ymgyrch datganoli y blaid ergyd dirfawr yn dilyn ei threchu yn Refferendwm 1979. Er hynny, agorodd Refferendwm 1997 y ffordd i Gynulliad Cymru. Enillodd Plaid Cymru 17 o'r 60 sedd yn etholiadau'r Cynulliad yn 1999, i'w gwneud yr ail grŵp fwyaf yn y Cynulliad. Hefyd yn 1999, enillodd Plaid Cymru dwy o'r pum sedd yn yr Etholiadau Ewropeaidd. Trefnir y blaid yn lleol yn ganghennau a phwyllgorau a elwir yn rhanbarthau, sydd yn cyfateb i etholaethau San Steffan neu ffiniau llywodraeth leol, a ffurfir o gynrychiolwyr o'r canghennau. Mae'r strwythur cenedlaethol yn cynnwys y Gynhadledd Flynyddol, y Cyngor Cenedlaethol, a ffurfir o gynrychiolwyr y canghennau a'r rhanbarthau, a Phwyllgor Gwaith Cenedlaethol, sydd yn rheoli cyllid a gweinyddiaeth y blaid. Cyflogir chwe aelod o staff, yn cynnwys ei phrif weithredwr, yn swyddfa genedlaethol Plaid Cymru yng Nghaerdydd,. Mae wyth swyddfa gyflogedig arall ar hyd a lled Cymru ynghyd â swyddfeydd etholaethol. Llywydd cyntaf Plaid Cymru oedd Lewis Valentine, a olynwyd gan Saunders Lewis, 1926-1939, J.E. Daniel, 1939-1945,Gwynfor Evans,1945-1981, Dafydd Wigley, 1981-1984 a 1991-2000, Dafydd Elis Thomas, 1984-1991, Ieuan Wyn Jones, 2000-2003 a Dafydd Iwan ers 2003. J. E. Jones (1905-1970) oedd yr ysgrifennydd cyffredinol a threfnydd, 1930-1962, ac ymunodd Elwyn Roberts ag ef ar ôl Yr Ail Ryfel Byd. Teitl swyddogol y blaid (ers 1999) yw is Plaid Cymru - The Party of Wales.

Hester Lynch Piozzi (1741-1821) inherited the Bachegraig estate of the Salusbury family on the death of her mother, Hester Maria, in 1773. The estate comprised a wood, a few farms, a dilapidated church and a few cottages, along with Bachegraig House. Hester and her husband, Gabriele Piozzi (d. 1809) built a new house on the estate called Brynbella, taking up residence in 1795. Bachegraig was the earliest example of a brick house in Wales, erected by Sir Richard Clough in 1567 at the foot of Tremeirchion Hill.

Hester was the daughter of John Salusbury (1710-1762) of Bachegraig, Governor of Nova Scotia and Hester Maria (d. 1773), a descendant of the Salusbury family of Lleweni. Hester married firstly, Henry Thrale (d. 1781), a London brewer. In 1784, she married secondly, Gabriele Piozzi, an Italian music master. In January 1798 Hester and Gabriele adopted the five year old son of Gabriele's brother, Giovanne Battiste. The boy became known as John Piozzi (d. 1858). Hester was part of a literary circle, and was a friend and correspondent of Dr Samuel Johnson.

The Brynbella estate passed to John on his marriage to Harriet Maria Pemberton of Condover Hall, Shropshire. Hester thereafter resided at Bath. Sir John was knighted in 1817 and became known as Sir John Salusbury Piozzi Salusbury.

The Rev. Canon Daniel Parry-Jones (1891-1981), of Llangeler, Carmarthenshire, was an author and recorder of country tradition. He received his education at St. David's College, Lampeter. In 1914, he was ordained as a priest at Pontypridd, Glamorgan. He served as a parish priest in other parts of Glamorgan and Breconshire, before being appointed Rural Dean of Crickhowell in 1957 and Honorary Canon of Brecon Cathedral in 1959. Canon Parry-Jones nurtured a keen interest in Welsh rural society and customs, dialects, legends and folk-lore and published six books, namely Welsh Country Upbringing (1948), Welsh Country Characters (1952), Welsh Legends and Fairy Lore (1953), My Own Folk (1972), A Welsh Country Parson (1975), and Welsh Children's Games and Pastimes (1964). He also published many articles in periodicals such as Gwerin, Province, Impact and Y Llan.

Gwendolen Mary (Gwen) John (1876-1939), painter, was born in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire. She was the sister of fellow artist Augustus John (1878-1961). Between 1895 and 1898 she was a pupil at the Slade School of Fine Art in London, alongside her brother. During her time there she befriended other female artists including Ursula Tyrwhitt and Ida Nettleship, who later married Augustus. She studied at the Academie Carmen in Paris in 1898 and settled permanently in Paris from 1904. In the same year she met, and began a stormy relationship with, the sculptor Auguste Rodin. She was introduced by Augustus to the American lawyer and collector John Quinn and his companion Jeanne Robert Foster. Amongst her circle of friends was the revolutionary, feminist and actress Maud Gonne and Dorelia McNeill, who became Augustus's lifelong companion. In her later years she formed an attachment to the Russian-Jewish émigré Véra Oumançoff, who lived near her in the Paris suburb of Meudon. The majority of her paintings were of women or girls and, from 1913 when she was received into the Catholic church, ecclesiastically-themed works. She was exhibited in Paris, London and New York. It is believed that she ceased to produce any works of art after about 1933. Gwen John died in Dieppe, France, in 1939.
Her nephew Edwin John (1905-1978), son of Augustus, was the chief executor of her will. Following John's death her artistic reputation was revived by numerous exhibitions both in Britain and the United States, beginning with the memorial exhibition at the Matthiesen Gallery, London, in 1946.

Gwyneth Lewis is a poet and writer who was born in Cardiff in 1959. She writes in both Welsh and English. Brought up in a Welsh-speaking family, she was educated at Ysgol Gyfun Rhydfelen, Pontypridd, and studied English at Girton College, Cambridge, before spending three years in the USA studying creative writing as a Harkness Fellow at Harvard and Columbia universities, and then as a freelance writer in New York. She has also held temporary fellowships at the universities of Harvard (2008), Stanford (2009), Cambridge (2010), Manchester (2012) and Swansea (2012), and has a D.Phil. in English from Balliol College, Oxford.

Gwyneth Lewis's first collection of poems in Welsh appeared in 1977, and her first collection of poems in English was published as Parables and Faxes in 1995, since when her poetry in both languages has been published widely. Much of her work is concerned with the relationship between language, the self and its environment, and she often engages with scientific subjects as well as the arts. Her poems in English sometimes employ the techniques of Welsh-language composition, and her style is often direct, which she describes as 'telling things as they are'. Gwyneth Lewis has won many awards for her poetry in both languages, including the Crown at the 2012 National Eisteddfod, and she composed the inscription above the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff in 2004. She has been the Welsh language editor of Poetry Wales, and she is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and a member of the Welsh Academy. In 2005, she was made the first National Poet of Wales.

Gwyneth Lewis’s prose writing can be very personal. She addressed her problems with depression and alcoholism in Sunbathing in the Rain, while Two in a Boat is an account of sailing a yacht with her husband, Leighton Denver Davies (a former bosun in the Merchant Navy) across the Atlantic to Africa.

As well as her creative literary work, Gwyneth Lewis has been employed as a book reviewer in New York, as a correspondent for Radio Wales in the USA and the Far East, and as a documentary producer and director for BBC Wales. In 2001, she was awarded a grant by the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts (NESTA) to carry out research and sail to ports historically linked to Cardiff and its inhabitants. She has also been commissioned by the Welsh National Opera to compose musical librettos for performances by schools and amateur singers.

Herbert Edmund Davies (he later assumed the surname of Edmund-Davies) was born on 15 July 1906 at Mountain Ash, Mid Glamorgan. He was the third son of Morgan John Davies and Elizabeth Maud Edmunds. He married Sarah Eurwen Williams-James (d. 1991) in 1935. He was educated at Mountain Ash Grammar School, King's College, London and Exeter College, Oxford, where he won the Vinerian scholarship. He was called to the Bar by Gray's Inn, 1929. He became a lecturer and examiner at the London School of Economics, 1930-1931. He joined the Army Officers' Emergency Reserve, 1938, and was commissioned into the Royal Welch Fusiliers, 1940. He was seconded to the Judge Advocate-General Department and became Assistant Judge Advocate-General, 1944-1945 (Lt-Col 1944). He took Silk in 1943 and served as Recorder of Merthyr Tydfil, 1942-1944; Swansea, 1944-1953; and Cardiff, 1953-1958. He became Chairman of Denbighshire Quarter Sessions, 1953-1964; Judge of High Court of Justice, Queen's Bench Division, 1958-1966; a Lord Justice of Appeal, 1966-1974; a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, 1974-1981 and Foreign Office Observer, at the Cairo espionage trials, 1957. He was Chairman of the Transport Users' Consultative Committee for Wales, 1959-1961; Tribunal of Inquiry into Aberfan Disaster, 1966; Council of Law Reporting 1967-1972; Home Secretary's Criminal Law Revision Committee, 1969-1977; Home Secretary's Police Inquiry Committee, 1977-1979 and Use of Welsh in Courts Inquiry, 1973. He was President of London Welsh Trust/London Welsh Association, 1982-1992; University College of Swansea, 1965-1975; Hon. Standing Counsel, University of Wales, 1947-1957; and Pro-Chancellor, University of Wales, 1974-1985. In 1958, he was knighted on becoming a High Court Judge of the Queen's Bench Division. He was created a life peer as Baron Edmund-Davies of Aberpennar, Mid Glamorgan in 1974. He died 26 December 1992.

Ganwyd Zonia M. Bowen yn Norfolk a'i magu yn Swydd Efrog ac fe ddysgodd Cymraeg wedi iddi symud i Gymru i fyw. Bu'n ffigwr blaenllaw yn hanes sefydlu Merched y Wawr ac yn weithgar fel yr Ysgrifennydd Cenedlaethol cyntaf, 1967-1970, golygydd Y Wawr, 1968-1975, ac fel Llywydd Anrhydeddus hyd nes iddi ymddiswyddo yn 1975 yn dilyn dadl rhyngddi hi ac aelodau eraill ynglŷn â lle crefydd yng nghyfarfodydd swyddogol y Mudiad.
Sefydlwyd Merched y Wawr yn Y Parc, ger Y Bala, ym mis Mai 1967 yn dilyn anghydfod ynglŷn â'r iaith rhwng Sefydliad y Merched Y Parc a swyddogion sirol y Sefydliad yn Rhagfyr 1966. Er bod aelodau cangen Y Parc yn cynnal eu cyfarfodydd a'u gweithgareddau oll drwy'r Gymraeg, yr oedd disgwyl i holl ddogfennau'r Sefydliad fod yn y Saesneg. Codwyd y mater gan Zonia M. Bowen, Ysgrifennydd y Sefydliad ar y pryd, ond gwrthododd swyddogion sirol y Sefydliad wrando ar ei chwynion. Yn y diwedd, er nad oeddynt wedi bwriadu ar hyn yn wreiddiol, torrodd aelodau Y Parc i ffwrdd o Sefydliad y Merched gan benderfynu parhau i gwrdd bob mis yn annibynnol.
Wedi ychydig fisoedd, awgrymodd Zonia M. Bowen wrth aelodau Y Parc y dylid cychwyn mudiad newydd i ferched Cymru oedd yn rhoi blaenoriaeth i'r Gymraeg. Y bwriad oedd dechrau'r ymgyrch yn Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Y Bala ond, wedi i'r wasg adrodd y stori, fe sefydlwyd cangen gyntaf Merched y Wawr yn Y Parc ym mis Mai 1967. O fewn wythnos yr oedd cangen arall wedi'i sefydlu yn Y Ganllwyd, ger Dolgellau, a chynhaliwyd y cyfarfod cyhoeddus cyntaf ar faes yr Eisteddfod yn Y Bala ychydig yn ddiweddarach.